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Recycling
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Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass
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Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass

A special issue of Recycling (ISSN 2313-4321).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2024) | Viewed by 12816

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Salustiano Mato De La Iglesia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental Biology Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: waste management; biodiversity; emergent contaminant; waste valorization; ecotoxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As society continues to become increasingly developed, the depletion of resources and the resulting impact on the environment are of major concern and require urgent action. Limitation of resources (energy, water, food, land and materials) is a global problem exacerbated by climate change. In the face of this problem, the rational use of resources together with the most comprehensive possible use of waste must be one of the main objectives. The transformation of waste into valuable materials, new products and energy represents the most suitable approach to its management. Among the various processes for the recovery of organic waste, those that are biological are the most economically and environmentally sustainable. Composting as well as vermicomposting have proven to be highly efficient for the transformation of waste into high-quality fertilizer products. Anaerobic digestion, on the other hand, allows decreasing the amount of organic waste and recovering energy. In many cases, resource transformation processes can be improved or adapted to reduce waste into byproducts with high added value. Within this framework, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, proteins, etc., can be recovered and destined for different uses as animal or human feed, nutrient supplementation, new materials and health and chemical applications.

Dr. Salustiano Mato De La Iglesia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Recycling is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • composting
  • anaerobic digestion
  • byproducts
  • organic amendment
  • circular economy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3112 KiB  
Article
Rapid Waste Motor Oil Conversion into Diesel-Range Hydrocarbons Using Hydrochar as Catalyst: Kinetic Study and Product Characterization
by Herman A. Murillo, Evelyn Juiña, Karla Vizuete, Alexis Debut, Daniel Echeverría, Sebastian Taco-Vasquez and Sebastian Ponce
Recycling 2024, 9(3), 39; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/recycling9030039 - 17 May 2024
Viewed by 323
Abstract
Herein, raw and alkali-treated hydrochars from biomass waste are prepared as a highly active catalyst for the conversion of waste motor oil into diesel-like fuels. Among all materials, hydrochar obtained at 250 °C and subsequent alkali activation with KOH showed a 600% improvement [...] Read more.
Herein, raw and alkali-treated hydrochars from biomass waste are prepared as a highly active catalyst for the conversion of waste motor oil into diesel-like fuels. Among all materials, hydrochar obtained at 250 °C and subsequent alkali activation with KOH showed a 600% improvement of the kinetic constant from 0.0088 to 0.0614 m−1. Conversion values at the same conditions were also improved from 66 to 80% regarding thermal and catalytic cracking, respectively. Moreover, the activation energy was also reduced from 293 to 246 kJ mol−1 for thermal and catalytic cracking, respectively. After characterization, the enhanced catalytic activity was correlated to an increased surface area and functionalization due to the alkali activation. Finally, the liquid product characterization demonstrated that catalytic cracking is more effective than thermal cracking for producing hydrocarbons in the diesel range. In particular, hydrochar-based catalysts are suggested to promote the formation of specific hydrocarbons so that the carbon distribution can be tailored by modifying the hydrothermal treatment temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
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15 pages, 5171 KiB  
Article
Using Cassava Starch Processing By-Product for Bioproduction of 1-Hydroxyphenazine: A Novel Fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum
by Tu Quy Phan, San-Lang Wang, Thi Hanh Nguyen, Thi Huyen Nguyen, Thi Huyen Thoa Pham, Manh Dung Doan, Thi Ha Trang Tran, Van Anh Ngo, Anh Dzung Nguyen and Van Bon Nguyen
Recycling 2024, 9(1), 12; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/recycling9010012 - 2 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1444
Abstract
This study aimed to develop the eco-friendly production of bioactive 1-hydroxyphenazine (HP) through fermentation using an industrial processing by-product of cassava as the main carbon/nitrogen source. Cassava starch processing by-product (CSPB) was screened as a suitable substrate for fermentation to produce HP [...] Read more.
This study aimed to develop the eco-friendly production of bioactive 1-hydroxyphenazine (HP) through fermentation using an industrial processing by-product of cassava as the main carbon/nitrogen source. Cassava starch processing by-product (CSPB) was screened as a suitable substrate for fermentation to produce HP with a high yield. Mixing CSPB with a minor amount of tryptic soy broth (TSB) at a ratio of 8/2 and with 0.05% K2HPO4 and 0.05% FeSO4 was effective in HP production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03. HP was also further scaled up through production on a bioreactor system, which achieved a higher level yield (36.5 µg/mL) in a shorter fermentation time (10 h) compared to its production in the flask (20.23 µg/mL after 3 days). In anti-fungal activity tests against various Fusarium phytopathogens, HP exhibited the most significant effect on Fusarium oxysporum F10. It could inhibit the mycelial growth of this fungus, with an inhibition rate of 68.7% and anti-spore germination activity of up to 98.4%. The results of the docking study indicate that HP effectively interacted with the protein 1TRY targeting anti-F. oxysporum, with all obtained docking parameters in the accepted range. This study supports the novel use of CSPB as the carbon/nitrogen source for P. aeruginosa fermentation to produce HP, a F. oxysporum anti-fungal agent reported here for the first time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
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16 pages, 11536 KiB  
Article
Application of TIMES for Bioresource Flow Optimization—Case Study of Animal Husbandry in Latvia, Europe
by Ketija Bumbiere, Maksims Feofilovs, Pauls Asaris and Dagnija Blumberga
Recycling 2023, 8(5), 70; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/recycling8050070 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1819
Abstract
As an integral part of the EU’s Green Deal, the purpose of the bioeconomy is to ensure an effective transition to meet people’s needs based on renewable resources while maintaining economic growth. This study undertakes the modeling of bioresource value scenarios in the [...] Read more.
As an integral part of the EU’s Green Deal, the purpose of the bioeconomy is to ensure an effective transition to meet people’s needs based on renewable resources while maintaining economic growth. This study undertakes the modeling of bioresource value scenarios in the agricultural sector and proposes a methodology to evaluate the possibilities of reaching a higher added value of bioresource products. The main objective of the study is the adaptation of the market allocation–energy flow optimization model system (TIMES) for analysis of high-value-added product production capacities in the livestock sector to reach an increase in added value for 2030 with the introduction of new technologies. The developed model is tested in a case study of the animal husbandry sector in Latvia. The results show which pathways are economically feasible to achieve value-added targets set for 2030. Although not all of the available resources are used due to local market limitations, there is significant potential for the use of animal husbandry resource waste, and it is possible to achieve about 62% higher cumulative added value from 2023 to 2030 with the production of new products (protein powder, wool pellets, and gelatin) in comparison with the base scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
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Review

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19 pages, 1706 KiB  
Review
Drivers and Barriers in the Production and Utilization of Second-Generation Bioethanol in India
by Falguni Pattnaik, Biswa R. Patra, Sonil Nanda, Mahendra K. Mohanty, Ajay K. Dalai and Jaya Rawat
Recycling 2024, 9(1), 19; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/recycling9010019 - 9 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
Second-generation biorefinery refers to the production of different types of biofuels, biomaterials, and biochemicals by using agri-based and other lignocellulosic biomasses as substrates, which do not compete with arable lands, water for irrigation, and food supply. From the perspective of transportation fuels, second-generation [...] Read more.
Second-generation biorefinery refers to the production of different types of biofuels, biomaterials, and biochemicals by using agri-based and other lignocellulosic biomasses as substrates, which do not compete with arable lands, water for irrigation, and food supply. From the perspective of transportation fuels, second-generation bioethanol plays a crucial role in minimizing the dependency on fossil-based fuels, especially gasoline. Significant efforts have been invested in the research and development of second-generation bioethanol for commercialization in both developing and developed countries. However, in different developing countries like India, commercialization of second-generation bioethanol has been obstructed despite the abundance and variety of agricultural feedstocks. This commercial obstruction was majorly attributed to the recalcitrance of the feedstock, by-product management, and marginal subsidies compared to other nations. This article reviews the major roadblocks to the viability and commercialization of second-generation biofuels, especially bioethanol in India and a few other leading developed and developing nations. This article also reviews the biomass availability, technological advancements, investments, policies, and scale-up potential for biorefineries. A thorough discussion is made on the prospects and barriers to research, development, and demonstration as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for the commercialization of second-generation bioethanol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
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23 pages, 3636 KiB  
Review
Avocado Waste Biorefinery: Towards Sustainable Development
by Teresa Sandoval-Contreras, Fernando González Chávez, Amrita Poonia, Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno and Lizet Aguirre-Güitrón
Recycling 2023, 8(5), 81; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/recycling8050081 - 20 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6211
Abstract
The increasing demand for avocado consumption has led to a vast generation of waste products. Despite the high nutritional value of avocados, the waste generated from their processing poses a significant environmental challenge. Therefore, the development of a sustainable approach to avocado waste [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for avocado consumption has led to a vast generation of waste products. Despite the high nutritional value of avocados, the waste generated from their processing poses a significant environmental challenge. Therefore, the development of a sustainable approach to avocado waste management is a major concern. Biorefinery presents a promising approach to the valorization of avocado waste components, including the seed, peel, and pulp residues. This paper explores the potential of avocado waste biorefinery as a sustainable solution to produce bio-based products. Several approaches, including extraction, hydrolysis, fermentation, and biodegradation, to obtain valuable products such as starch, oil, fiber, and bioactive compounds for food or feed goods have been proposed. The review also highlights the approaches towards addressing challenges of energy security and climate change by utilizing avocado waste as a source to produce biofuels such as biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol. In conclusion, the development of avocado waste biorefinery presents a promising avenue for sustainable development. This process can efficiently convert the avocado waste components into valuable bio-based products and clean energy sources, contributing to the attainment of a circular economy and a more sustainable future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
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Other

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24 pages, 1785 KiB  
Systematic Review
Valorizing Fruit and Vegetable Waste: The Untapped Potential for Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa—A Systematic Review
by Grace Okuthe
Recycling 2024, 9(3), 40; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/recycling9030040 - 17 May 2024
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Valorizing food waste (FW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can enhance the efficiency of limited resources, make healthy diets more affordable, and foster the creation of innovative enterprises. The vast quantities of FW from the agri-food chain significantly threaten food security. To address this [...] Read more.
Valorizing food waste (FW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can enhance the efficiency of limited resources, make healthy diets more affordable, and foster the creation of innovative enterprises. The vast quantities of FW from the agri-food chain significantly threaten food security. To address this issue and maximize potential environmental and socio-economic benefits, valorizing waste, a value-adding process for waste materials, has emerged as a sustainable and efficient strategy. Valorizing FW reduces greenhouse gas emissions, mitigates climate change, enhances resource efficiency, and improves planetary health. As a pivotal player in the transition toward the circular economy, this study investigates the potential of converting FW into value-added products, offering entrepreneurial opportunities for SSA’s unemployed youth. A systematic literature review is conducted to identify and filter relevant articles over five years by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 33 articles were included for in-depth analysis to address the study’s aim. The findings highlight a range of value-added products derived from FW, including renewable energy sources, nutraceuticals, and heavy metal adsorbents. These products present promising entrepreneurial prospects within SSA. Nonetheless, overcoming barriers to FW valorization adoption is crucial for fully realizing its potential as a profitable business avenue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Recovery from Waste Biomass)
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