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Metamaterial Technology in Electromagnetic Sensing Application

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 16795

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Tariqul Islam

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Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: metamaterials; antenna technology; telecommunication engineering; microwave communication engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Smart materials are now in demand for robust and dynamic sensing techniques. Metamaterial-based technology is one of the benchmarks in the recent state-of-the-art sensing mechanism in electromagnetic sensing applications. Since conventional materials are unable to comply with showing novel and extraordinary properties, metamaterials now reveal stunning technological sensations in sensor applications through integration in electronic gadgets, industry-grade measurement, remote sensing techniques, biomedical applications, and so on. Dispersive characteristics and subwavelength dimensions make metamaterials particularly useful for wireless sensing applications. Henceforth, microwave antennae are also adopting metamaterial inspired structures to solve critically important issues, for instance, specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction in cellular communication, gain–bandwidth–directivity enhancement of nanosatellite antennae, etc. Further, a high Q factor and tunability based on scattering parameters suit electromagnetic sensing mechanisms since they give a degree of flexibility and a non-invasive method of measurement for medical diagnosis. In this context, the traditional sensing method loses its appeal in synchronization with sustainable development of the future sensor industry. Thus, numerous research articles have been published in recent years where metamaterial-inspired technology has experimentally proven a range of potential application scopes using electromagnetic wave sensing.

This Special Issue of Sensors is aimed at reporting smart sensing applications based on metamaterial technology, showing the path of the upcoming intelligent sensing technique and applications, including but not limited to (1) near field sensing and measurement using metamaterial technology, (2) smart wearable sensing for health monitoring, (3) energy-harvesting smart sensors, (4) metamaterial-inspired antennae and sensing, and (5) M2M sensing using metamaterial technology.

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Electromagnetic sensing
Metamaterial
Microwaves
Energy harvesting
Smart sensor
Wearable sensor

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5692 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Planar Millimeter-Wave Resonator-Array to Sense the Permittivity of COP Film with the 5G Handset Back-Cover

by Yejune Seo, Changhyeong Lee, Inyeol Moon, Koichro Ota, Ryomei Omote and Sungtek Kahng

Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4316; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s21134316 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2587

Abstract

In this paper, a new sensor is developed to estimate the dielectric constant of Cyclo Olefin Polymer (COP) film utilizable for 5G mobile phones’ multi-layered back-cover. It is featured by the electrical characterization of the thin layer of the COP film at 28 GHz as the material under test (MUT) directly contacting the planar probe (which is an array of resonating patches) and a new meta-surface as metal patterned on the COP film inserted between the planar probe and the 5G multi-layered back-cover for enhanced physical interpretation of the data by way of impedance matching. In this approach to delving into the material, a thin and small meta-surface film with an area of 25.65 × 21.06 mm² and a thickness of 55 μm is examined for applications to 5G mobile 28 GHz-frequency communication on the basis of the below −10 dB-impedance matching for the 1-by-4 array sensor. Along with this, the real and commercial handset back-cover is brought to the test. The proposed method presents the advantages of geometrical adequacy to the realistic 5G handset antenna configuration, the idea of impedance-matching via meta-materials, and the suitability of characterizing the film-type structure as compared to the open-ended coaxial waveguide, waveguide-to-waveguide and TX horn-to-RX horn free-space test methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial Technology in Electromagnetic Sensing Application)

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18 pages, 6738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Profile Slotted Metamaterial Antenna Based on Bi Slot Microstrip Patch for 5G Application

by Ahasanul Hoque, Mohammad Tariqul Islam and Ali F. Almutairi

Sensors 2020, 20(11), 3323; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20113323 - 11 Jun 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4268

Abstract

A low-profile high-directivity, and double-negative (DNG) metamaterial-loaded antenna with a slotted patch is proposed for the 5G application. The radiated slotted arm as a V shape has been extended to provide a low-profile feature with a two-isometric view square patch structure, which accelerates the electromagnetic (EM) resonance. Besides, the tapered patch with two vertically split parabolic horns and the unit cell metamaterial expedite achieve more directive radiation. Two adjacent splits with meta units enhance the surface current to modify the actual electric current, which is induced by a substrate-isolated EM field. As a result, the slotted antenna shows a 7.14 dBi realized gain with 80% radiation efficiency, which is quite significant. The operation bandwidth is 4.27–4.40 GHz, and characteristic impedance approximately remains the same (50 Ω) to give a VSWR (voltage Standing wave ratio) of less than 2, which is ideal for the expected application field. The overall size of the antenna is 60 × 40 × 1.52 mm. Hence, it has potential for future 5G applications, like Internet of Things (IoT), healthcare systems, smart homes, etc. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial Technology in Electromagnetic Sensing Application)

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20 pages, 6303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Octagonal Ring-shaped Parasitic Resonator Based Compact Ultrawideband Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications

by Amran Hossain, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Ali F. Almutairi, Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, Kamarulzaman Mat and Md. Samsuzzaman

Sensors 2020, 20(5), 1354; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20051354 - 1 Mar 2020

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4482

Abstract

An Ultrawideband (UWB) octagonal ring-shaped parasitic resonator-based patch antenna for microwave imaging applications is presented in this study, which is constructed with a diamond-shaped radiating patch, three octagonal, rectangular slotted ring-shaped parasitic resonator elements, and partial slotting ground plane. The main goals of uses of parasitic ring-shaped elements are improving antenna performance. In the prototype, various kinds of slots on the ground plane were investigated, and especially rectangular slots and irregular zigzag slots are applied to enhance bandwidth, gain, efficiency, and radiation directivity. The optimized size of the antenna is 29 × 24 × 1.5 mm³ by using the FR-4 substrate. The overall results illustrate that the antenna has a bandwidth of 8.7 GHz (2.80–11.50 GHz) for the reflection coefficient S₁₁ < −10 dB with directional radiation pattern. The maximum gain of the proposed prototype is more than 5.7 dBi, and the average efficiency over the radiating bandwidth is 75%. Different design modifications are performed to attain the most favorable outcome of the proposed antenna. However, the prototype of the proposed antenna is designed and simulated in the 3D simulator CST Microwave Studio 2018 and then effectively fabricated and measured. The investigation throughout the study of the numerical as well as experimental data explicit that the proposed antenna is appropriate for the Ultrawideband-based microwave-imaging fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial Technology in Electromagnetic Sensing Application)

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Review

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27 pages, 3661 KiB

Open AccessReview

Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

by Husam Hamid Ibrahim, Mandeep S. J. Singh, Samir Salem Al-Bawri and Mohammad Tariqul Islam

Sensors 2020, 20(10), 2772; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s20102772 - 13 May 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4851

Abstract

The investigation into new sources of energy with the highest efficiency which are derived from existing energy sources is a significant research area and is attracting a great deal of interest. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising alternative for obtaining energy for wireless devices directly from RF energy sources in the environment. An overview of the energy harvesting concept will be discussed in detail in this paper. Energy harvesting is a very promising method for the development of self-powered electronics. Many applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart environments, the military or agricultural monitoring depend on the use of sensor networks which require a large variety of small and scattered devices. The low-power operation of such distributed devices requires wireless energy to be obtained from their surroundings in order to achieve safe, self-sufficient and maintenance-free systems. The energy harvesting circuit is known to be an interface between piezoelectric and electro-strictive loads. A modern view of circuitry for energy harvesting is based on power conditioning principles that also involve AC-to-DC conversion and voltage regulation. Throughout the field of energy conversion, energy harvesting circuits often impose electric boundaries for devices, which are important for maximizing the energy that is harvested. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is described as the ratio between the rectifier’s output DC power and the antenna-based RF-input power (before its passage through the corresponding network). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial Technology in Electromagnetic Sensing Application)

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