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Nutrients
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The Life of Nitric Oxide: From Nitrate and Nitric Oxide...
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The Life of Nitric Oxide: From Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Synthase to Nitric Oxide and Beyond

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 3660

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Barbora Piknova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Interests: nitrate reductive pathway; mammalian nitrate reservoirs; nitric oxide; mamalian nitrate reductase; ageing; diabetes; degenerative eye diseases; cardiovascular disease, exercise
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce our plans to publish this Special Issue of Nutrients/Nutrition and Metabolism, “The Life of Nitric Oxide: From Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Synthase to Nitric Oxide and Beyond.”

This Issue aims to bring together authors from different aspects and corners of the nitric oxide (NO) research field to create an additional view of the many roles of NO and its metabolites in health and diseases and to highlight many functional transformations of NO once it has been created.

It is known that NO metabolism is dysfunctional in many metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular diseases and that NO increase can alleviate many symptoms and improve the lives of some patients. Even healthy people can benefit from increasing NO levels, especially the aging group and athletes. Since the nitric oxide precursor, nitrate is part of a healthy diet, and all ages and health levels could benefit from a simple dietary intervention. So far, research using dietary nitrate to increase NO levels has led to conclusions that it is a safe way to do so – studies either showed a benefit or no change, with no harm detected. However, more clinical research is needed to understand the basic normal physiology of nitric oxide and its cycle in healthy humans, as well as sites of its dysfunction in diseases.

We hope to catch the most recent developments in the NO field and rise the most burning and maybe even still controversial questions about NO transformations in this special issue of Nutrients.

Dr. Barbora Piknova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nitrate/nitrite
  • nitric oxide
  • nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
  • S-nitrosothiols (SNO)
  • nitrate/nitrite transporter (sialin)
  • nitrate/nitrite reductase
  • oral and gut microbiome
  • diabetes
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • ageing
  • athletic performance

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2672 KiB  
Article
Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Alters the Oral Microbiome without Negating the Nitrite Response to Beetroot Juice Supplementation
by Louise E. Cato, Alannah K. A. McKay, Joanna E. L’Heureux, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. Jones, Christopher D. Askew, Gary J. Slater and Louise M. Burke
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5123; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15245123 - 16 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
A low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet in athletes increases fat oxidation but impairs sports performance, potentially due to impaired exercise economy. Dietary nitrate supplementation can improve exercise economy via an increase in nitric oxide production, which is initiated by the reduction of [...] Read more.
A low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet in athletes increases fat oxidation but impairs sports performance, potentially due to impaired exercise economy. Dietary nitrate supplementation can improve exercise economy via an increase in nitric oxide production, which is initiated by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite within the oral cavity. This reaction is dependent on the presence of nitrate-reducing oral bacteria, which can potentially be altered by dietary changes, including a LCHF diet. This study explored the effect of a LCHF diet on the oral microbiome and subsequent changes to plasma nitrite concentration following nitrate supplementation. Following five days of LCHF or high carbohydrate (HCHO) control dietary intervention, highly trained male race walkers consumed 140 mL beetroot juice containing 8.4 mmol nitrate; they then provided (a) blood samples for plasma nitrate and nitrite analysis and (b) saliva samples for 16S rRNA sequencing of the oral microbiome. The LCHF diet (n = 13) reduced oral bacterial diversity and changed the relative abundance of the genera Neisseria (+10%), Fusobacteria (+3%), Prevotella (−9%), and Veillonella (−4%), with no significant changes observed following the HCHO diet (n = 11). Following beetroot juice ingestion, plasma nitrite concentrations were higher for the LCHF diet compared to the HCHO diet (p = 0.04). However, the absence of an interaction with the trial (pre–post) (p = 0.71) suggests that this difference was not due to the dietary intervention. In summary, we found an increase in plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations in response to nitrate supplementation independent of diet. This suggests the oral microbiome is adaptive to dietary changes and can maintain a nitrate reduction capacity despite a decrease in bacterial diversity following the LCHF diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Life of Nitric Oxide: From Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Synthase to Nitric Oxide and Beyond)
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16 pages, 3732 KiB  
Article
Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism in Aging Rats: A Comparative Study
by Barbora Piknova, Ji Won Park, Samantha M. Thomas, Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer and Alan N. Schechter
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15112490 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) (co)regulates many physiological processes in the body. Its short-lived free radicals force synthesis in situ and on-demand, without storage possibility. Local oxygen availability determines the origin of NO—either by synthesis by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) or by the reduction of [...] Read more.
Nitric oxide (NO) (co)regulates many physiological processes in the body. Its short-lived free radicals force synthesis in situ and on-demand, without storage possibility. Local oxygen availability determines the origin of NO—either by synthesis by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite to NO by nitrate/nitrite reductases. The existence of nitrate reservoirs, mainly in skeletal muscle, assures the local and systemic availability of NO. Aging is accompanied by changes in metabolic pathways, leading to a decrease in NO availability. We explored age-related changes in various rat organs and tissues. We found differences in nitrate and nitrite contents in tissues of old and young rats at baseline levels, with nitrate levels being generally higher and nitrite levels being generally lower in old rats. However, there were no differences in the levels of nitrate-transporting proteins and nitrate reductase between old and young rats, with the exception of in the eye. Increased dietary nitrate led to significantly higher nitrate enrichment in the majority of old rat organs compared to young rats, suggesting that the nitrate reduction pathway is not affected by aging. We hypothesize that age-related NO accessibility changes originate either from the NOS pathway or from changes in NO downstream signaling (sGC/PDE5). Both possibilities need further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Life of Nitric Oxide: From Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Synthase to Nitric Oxide and Beyond)
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