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Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Green Future

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanocomposite Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 3519

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alexander M. Tishin

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Guest Editor

1. Physics Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
2. AMT&C Group, Promyshlenaya Street 4, 108840 Troitsk, Russia
Interests: magnetism of rare earth materials and nanosystems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanostructured magnetic materials (NMMs) may be considered the basis for raw energy, medical, and other applications. Each of us knows that in the process of human activity a huge amount of thermal energy is dissipated around us. This, along with other factors, contributes to an increase in ambient temperature and other currently observed climate changes. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of the devices used for generating, converting (into mechanical work), and storing electricity, as well as extracting energy (heat) from the environment, is an urgency. This problem cannot be solved without the radical improvement of the properties of permanent magnets (PM), magnetic cores, electrical steels, and other materials used for such devices. For example, since the kinetic and thermal energy of molecules are related, wind turbines essentially solve this problem by extracting excess heat from the air, and it is considered one of the most effective methods to combat global warming. However, further use of wind turbines based on synchronous permanent electric machines with increased efficiency at low speeds is hampered by the high cost of the rare earth permanent magnets, and the lack of development of advanced recycling technologies.

NMMs and novel technologies for their production are already in demand in areas where the possibilities for improving properties of microstructured materials are either almost exhausted or further research cannot lead to a cardinal improvement of a whole group (at least 3 simultaneously) of various material parameters. These areas include applications where not only the initial price of the product is important, but also the integral effect on the cost of life cycle of the product. Besides the above-mentioned wind generators, the cost of electricity per 1 km of the run of an electric vehicle may be mentioned as another example.

Applications of NMMs can have the most significant impact in areas where simultaneous optimization of a number of product parameters is required: e.g., increasing operating temperatures, reducing losses (increasing efficiency), increasing strength, and corrosion resistance.

This special issue will be devoted to NMMs which can significantly affect the green future of our planet. Therefore, the properties of hard and soft magnetic materials, production and recycling technologies, together with advanced applications for generation, transformation, utilization, accumulation, and extraction of green energy will be in focus of this special issue.

Prof. Dr. Alexander M. Tishin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nanostructured magnetic materials
permanent magnets
soft magnetic materials
green energy
efficiency
wind turbine
electromobility

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cubic and Sphere Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy: Computational Results

by Iordana Astefanoaei, Radel Gimaev, Vladimir Zverev, Alexander Tishin and Alexandru Stancu

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(16), 2383; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13162383 - 21 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1099

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with various shapes and special (magnetic and thermal) properties are promising for magnetic hyperthermia. The efficiency of this therapy depends mainly on the MNPs’ physical characteristics: types, sizes and shapes. This paper presents the hyperthermic temperature values induced by cubic/sphere-shaped MNPs injected within a concentric tissue configuration (malignant and healthy tissues) when an external time-dependent magnetic field was applied. The space-time distribution of the nanoparticles as a result of their injection within a tumoral (benign/malign) tissue was simulated with the bioheat transport equation (Pennes equation). A complex thermo-fluid model that considers the space-time MNP transport and its heating was developed in Comsol Multiphysics. The cubic-shaped MNPs give a larger spatial distribution of the therapeutic temperature in the tumoral volume compared to the spherical-shaped ones. MNP doses that induce the therapeutic (hyperthermic) values of the temperature (40 ÷ 45 °C) in smaller volumes from the tumoral region were analyzed. The size of these regions (covered by the hyperthermic temperature values) was computed for different magnetite cubic/sphere-shaped MNP doses. Lower doses of the cubic-shaped MNPs give the hyperthermic values of the temperature in a larger volume from the tumoral region compared with the spheric-shaped MNPs. The MNP doses were expressed as a ratio between mass concentration and the maximum clinical accepted doses. This thermo-fluid analysis is an important computational instrument that allows the computations of the MNP doses that give therapeutic temperature values within tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Green Future)

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14 pages, 5552 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hard Magnetic Properties and the Features of Nanostructure of High-Temperature Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr Magnet with Abnormal Temperature Dependence of Coercivity

by O. A. Golovnia, A. G. Popov, N. V. Mushnikov, A. V. Protasov, K. G. Pradeep, A. V. Ogurtsov, D. V. Taranov and A. M. Tishin

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(13), 1899; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13131899 - 21 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1166

Abstract

This paper presents methods and approaches that can be used for production of Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr permanent magnets with working temperatures of up to 550 °C. It is shown that the content of Sm, Cu, and Fe significantly affects the coercivity (H_c) value at high operating temperatures. A decrease in the content of Fe, which replaces Co, and an increase in the content of Sm in Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr alloys lead to a decrease in H_c value at room temperature, but significantly increase H_c at temperatures of about 500 °C. Increasing the Cu concentration enhances the H_c values at all operating temperatures. From analysis of the dependence of temperature coefficients of the coercivity on the concentrations of various constituent elements in this alloy, the optimum chemical composition that qualifies for high-temperature permanent magnet (HTPM) application were determined. 3D atom probe tomography analysis shows that the nanostructure of the HTPM is characterized by the formation of Sm₂(Co,Fe)₁₇ (2:17) cells relatively smaller in size along with the slightly thickened Sm(Co,Cu)₅ (1:5) boundary phase compared to those of the high-energy permanent magnet compositions. An inhomogeneous distribution of Cu was also noticed in the 1:5 phase. At the boundary between 1:5 and 2:17 phases, an interface with lowered anisotropy constants has developed, which could be the reason for the observed high coercivity values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Green Future)

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21 pages, 9845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Functional Characterization of Co_xFe_3−xO₄-BaTiO₃ Magnetoelectric Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

by Timur R. Nizamov, Abdulkarim A. Amirov, Tatiana O. Kuznetsova, Irina V. Dorofievich, Igor G. Bordyuzhin, Dmitry G. Zhukov, Anna V. Ivanova, Anna N. Gabashvili, Nataliya Yu. Tabachkova, Alexander A. Tepanov, Igor V. Shchetinin, Maxim A. Abakumov, Alexander G. Savchenko and Alexander G. Majouga

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(5), 811; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13050811 - 22 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2264

Abstract

Nowadays, magnetoelectric nanomaterials are on their way to finding wide applications in biomedicine for various cancer and neurological disease treatment, which is mainly restricted by their relatively high toxicity and complex synthesis. This study for the first time reports novel magnetoelectric nanocomposites of Co_xFe_3−xO₄-BaTiO₃ series with tuned magnetic phase structures, which were synthesized via a two-step chemical approach in polyol media. The magnetic Co_xFe_3−xO₄ phases with x = 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 were obtained by thermal decomposition in triethylene glycol media. The magnetoelectric nanocomposites were synthesized by the decomposition of barium titanate precursors in the presence of a magnetic phase under solvothermal conditions and subsequent annealing at 700 °C. X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of both spinel and perovskite phases after annealing with average crystallite sizes in the range of 9.0–14.5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy data showed two-phase composite nanostructures consisting of ferrites and barium titanate. The presence of interfacial connections between magnetic and ferroelectric phases was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Magnetization data showed expected ferrimagnetic behavior and σ_s decrease after the nanocomposite formation. Magnetoelectric coefficient measurements after the annealing showed non-linear change with a maximum of 89 mV/cm*Oe with x = 0.5, 74 mV/cm*Oe with x = 0, and a minimum of 50 mV/cm*Oe with x = 0.0 core composition, that corresponds with the coercive force of the nanocomposites: 240 Oe, 89 Oe and 36 Oe, respectively. The obtained nanocomposites show low toxicity in the whole studied concentration range of 25–400 μg/mL on CT-26 cancer cells. The synthesized nanocomposites show low cytotoxicity and high magnetoelectric effects, therefore they can find wide applications in biomedicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Green Future)

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Review

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14 pages, 1069 KiB

Open AccessReview

Developing High-Power-Density Electromagnetic Devices with Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Magnetic Materials

by Youguang Guo, Lin Liu, Wenliang Yin, Haiyan Lu, Gang Lei and Jianguo Zhu

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(13), 1963; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13131963 - 28 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1345

Abstract

With the increasing demand for smaller, lighter, and more affordable electromagnetic devices, there is a growing trend toward developing high-power-density transformers and electrical machines. While increasing the operating frequency is a straightforward approach to achieving high power density, it can lead to significant power loss within a limited volume, resulting in excessive temperature rise and device degradation. Therefore, it is crucial to design high-power-density electromagnetic devices that exhibit low power loss and efficient thermal dissipation to address these challenges. Advanced techniques, such as the utilization of novel and advanced electromagnetic materials, hold great promise for overcoming these issues. Specifically, nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic materials have emerged as highly effective solutions for reducing power loss and increasing efficiency in electromagnetic devices. This paper aims to provide an overview of the application of nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic materials in transformers and electrical machines, along with key technologies and the major challenges involved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Green Future)

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