Journal Description
Chemosensors
Chemosensors
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of chemical sensors and related analytical methods and systems, published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Instruments & Instrumentation) / CiteScore - Q2 (Analytical Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
4.2 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.2 (2022)
Latest Articles
Chemiresistive Materials for Alcohol Vapor Sensing at Room Temperature
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 78; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050078 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
The development of efficient sensors able to detect alcoholic compounds has great relevance in many fields including medicine, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, safety, and security. In addition, the measurements of alcohols in air are significant for environmental protection because volatile alcohols can have
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The development of efficient sensors able to detect alcoholic compounds has great relevance in many fields including medicine, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, safety, and security. In addition, the measurements of alcohols in air are significant for environmental protection because volatile alcohols can have harmful effects on human health not only through ingestion, but also through inhalation or skin absorption. The analysis of alcohols in breath is a further expanding area, being employed for disease diagnoses. The analyses performed by using chromatography, mass-spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy often require complex sampling and procedures. As a consequence, many research groups have focused their efforts on the development of efficient portable sensors to replace conventional methods and bulky equipment. The ability to operate at room temperature is a key factor in designing portable light devices suitable for in situ real-time monitoring. In the present review, we provide a survey of the recent literature on the most efficient chemiresistive materials for alcohol sensing at room temperature. Remarkable gas-sensing performances have mainly been obtained by using metal oxides semiconductors (MOSs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), 2D materials, and polymers. Among 2D materials, we mainly consider graphene-based materials, graphitic carbon nitride, transition metal chalcogenides, and MXenes. We discuss scientific advances and innovations published in the span of the last five years, focusing on sensing mechanisms.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Nanomaterials-Based Chemosensor Devices for Air Quality Monitoring)
Open AccessArticle
Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene and Polytetrafluoroethylene for Highly Durable and Reusable Chemical Leak Detection Sensors
by
Najaf Rubab, Eunbee Sohn, Won-Seok Kang and TaeYoung Kim
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 77; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050077 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Graphene-based chemical sensors hold promise across diverse applications owing to their exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. However, achieving their long-term durability and reusability while preserving high sensitivity remains a significant challenge, particularly in harsh environments where exposure to strong chemicals is inevitable. This paper
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Graphene-based chemical sensors hold promise across diverse applications owing to their exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. However, achieving their long-term durability and reusability while preserving high sensitivity remains a significant challenge, particularly in harsh environments where exposure to strong chemicals is inevitable. This paper presents a novel approach to address this challenge by synergistically integrating liquid-phase exfoliated graphene (LPEG) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) within a single sensing strip. Through a comprehensive experimental investigation, we demonstrate the fabrication of highly durable and reusable chemical leak detection sensors by combining LPEG and PTFE. Furthermore, we explore the sensing mechanism, highlighting the roles of LPEG and PTFE in enhancing sensitivity and selectivity, along with durability and reusability. Performance evaluation reveals the sensors’ robustness against mechanical and chemical degradation, coupled with excellent recyclability. This innovative approach holds promise for applications in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and healthcare, thus advancing the field of graphene-based chemical leak detection sensors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Materials for Sensing, Imaging and Energy Conversion/Storage)
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Open AccessArticle
Influence of Silsesquioxane-Containing Ultra-Thin Polymer Films on Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Performance for the Tunable Detection of Biomarkers
by
Oleg Lupan, Mihai Brinza, Julia Piehl, Nicolai Ababii, Nicolae Magariu, Lukas Zimoch, Thomas Strunskus, Thierry Pauporte, Rainer Adelung, Franz Faupel and Stefan Schröder
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 76; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050076 - 05 May 2024
Abstract
Certain biomarkers in exhaled breath are indicators of diseases in the human body. The non-invasive detection of such biomarkers in human breath increases the demand for simple and cost-effective gas sensors to replace state-of-the-art gas chromatography (GC) machines. The use of metal oxide
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Certain biomarkers in exhaled breath are indicators of diseases in the human body. The non-invasive detection of such biomarkers in human breath increases the demand for simple and cost-effective gas sensors to replace state-of-the-art gas chromatography (GC) machines. The use of metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors based on thin-film structures solves the current limitations of breath detectors. However, the response at high humidity levels, i.e., in the case of exhaled human breath, significantly decreases the sensitivity of MOX sensors, making it difficult to detect small traces of biomarkers. We have introduced, in previous work, the concept of a hybrid gas sensor, in which thin-film-based MOX gas sensors are combined with an ultra-thin (20–30 nm) polymer top layer deposited by solvent-free initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The hydrophobic top layer enables sensor measurement in high-humidity conditions as well as the precise tuning of selectivity and sensitivity. In this paper, we present a way to increase the hydrogen (H2) sensitivity of hybrid sensors through chemical modification of the polymer top layer. A poly(1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane) (PV4D4) thin film, already applied in one of our previous studies, is transformed into a silsesquioxane-containing top layer by a simple heating step. The transformation results in a significant increase in the gas response for H2 ~709% at an operating temperature of 350 °C, which we investigate based on the underlying sensing mechanism. These results reveal new pathways in the biomedical application field for the analysis of exhaled breath, where H2 indicates gastrointestinal diseases.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Nanomaterials-Based Chemosensor Devices for Air Quality Monitoring)
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Open AccessArticle
A Foldable Thermoplastic Microdevice Integrating Isothermal Amplification and Schiff-Reaction-Based Colorimetric Assay for the Detection of Infectious Pathogens
by
Hee Mang Kim and Nae Yoon Lee
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 75; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050075 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a plastic-based foldable microdevice that integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and a colorimetric assay based on the Schiff reaction to detect the genes of infectious bacteria. The device comprises two sides: a sample zone containing amplification chambers and
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In this study, we introduce a plastic-based foldable microdevice that integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and a colorimetric assay based on the Schiff reaction to detect the genes of infectious bacteria. The device comprises two sides: a sample zone containing amplification chambers and a detection zone for the colorimetric assay. The detection zone contains poly(methyl methacrylate) structures for transferring the colorimetric reagent-soaked glass micro-fiber paper into the sample chambers. Specific genes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), the most common bacterial infection causes, were amplified by LAMP assay. The S. aureus gene was detected up to 10 fg/μL and the S. pneumoniae gene up to 0.1 pg/μL. The amplified target genes were visually identified using a colorimetric assay with Schiff’s reagent, which showed clear color discrimination through a reaction with aldehyde groups derived from the DNA in the amplicons. The introduced method, integrating amplification and detection processes in a single device, is expected to be utilized in point-of-care testing analysis for the simple and rapid detection of infectious pathogens.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section (Bio)chemical Sensing)
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Open AccessArticle
A High-Precision Monitoring Method Based on SVM Regression for Multivariate Quantitative Analysis of PID Response to VOC Signals
by
Xiujuan Feng, Zengyuan Liu, Yongjun Ren and Chengliang Dong
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 74; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050074 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
In the moist environment of soil-water-air, there is a problem of low accuracy in monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a photoionization detector (PID). This study is based on the PID water-soil-gas VOC online monitor developed by this group, online monitoring of the
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In the moist environment of soil-water-air, there is a problem of low accuracy in monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a photoionization detector (PID). This study is based on the PID water-soil-gas VOC online monitor developed by this group, online monitoring of the concentration of different constituents of VOCs in different production enterprises of the petroleum and chemical industries in Shandong Province, with the concentration of the laboratory test, to build a relevant model. The correlation coefficient about the PID test concentration and the actual concentration correlation coefficient was obtained through the collection of a large number of data trainings. Based on the application of PID in VOC monitoring, the establishment of a PID high-precision calibration model is important for the precise monitoring of VOCs. In this paper, multiple quantitative analyses were conducted, based on SVM regression of PID response to VOC signals, to study the high-precision VOC monitoring method. To select the response signals of PID under different concentrations of environmental VOCs measured by the research group, first, the PID response to VOC signals was modeled using the support vector machine principle to verify the effect of traditional SVM regression. For the problem of raw data redundancy, calculate the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the PID signal, and conduct the principal component analysis of the time-domain of the PID signal. In order to make the SVM regression more generalized and robust, the selection of kernel function parameters and penalty factor of SVM is optimized by genetic algorithm. By comparing the accuracy of PID calibration models such as PID signal feature extraction, SVM regression, and principal component analysis SVM regression, the superiority of photoionization detector using the signal feature extraction PCA-GA-SVM method to monitor VOCs is verified.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Sensors for Volatile Organic Compound Detection, 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Biosensor-Based Assessment of Pesticides and Mineral Fertilizers’ Influence on Ecotoxicological Parameters of Soils under Soya, Sunflower and Wheat
by
Ludmila Khmelevtsova, Maria Klimova, Shorena Karchava, Tatiana Azhogina, Elena Polienko, Alla Litsevich, Elena Chernyshenko, Margarita Khammami, Ivan Sazykin and Marina Sazykina
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 73; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050073 - 02 May 2024
Abstract
Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture can negatively affect the soil, increasing its toxicity. In this work, a battery of whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors based on the E. coli MG1655 strain with various inducible promoters, as well as the natural luminous Vibrio aquamarinus VKPM
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Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture can negatively affect the soil, increasing its toxicity. In this work, a battery of whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors based on the E. coli MG1655 strain with various inducible promoters, as well as the natural luminous Vibrio aquamarinus VKPM B-11245 strain, were used to assess the effects of agrochemical soil treatments. The advantages of using biosensors are sensitivity, specificity, low cost of analysis, and the ability to assess the total effect of toxicants on a living cell and the type of their toxic effect. Using the V. aquamarinus VKPM B-11245 strain, the synergistic effect of combined soil treatment with pesticides and mineral fertilizers was shown, which led to an increase in the overall (integral) toxicity of soils higher than that of the individual application of substances. Several probable implementation mechanisms of agrochemical toxic effects have been discovered. DNA damage caused by both SOS response induction and alkylation, oxidative stress due to increased superoxide levels, and damage to cellular proteins and membranes are among them. Thus, the usage of biosensors makes it possible to assess the cumulative effect of various toxicants on living organisms without using expensive chemical analyses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemiluminescent and Bioluminescent Sensors)
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Open AccessReview
Research Progress on Molecularly Imprinted Materials for the Screening and Identification of Organic Pollutants
by
Jialing Song, Xuanhao Lin, Liang Ying Ee and Sam F. Y. Li
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 72; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050072 - 02 May 2024
Abstract
Organic pollutants, distinguished by their persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment, pose significant ecological and health threats that surpass those of traditional pollutants. Crucial to understanding their environmental behavior, health risks, and mitigation strategies, is the screening and identification of these pollutants. This
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Organic pollutants, distinguished by their persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment, pose significant ecological and health threats that surpass those of traditional pollutants. Crucial to understanding their environmental behavior, health risks, and mitigation strategies, is the screening and identification of these pollutants. This process indispensably employs functional materials, among which molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prove to be particularly advantageous because of their specific recognition capabilities and extensive application range. This review presents cutting-edge techniques and strategies for the fabrication of MIPs, including surface imprinting techniques and dummy molecular strategies. It encapsulates the last five years’ advancements in MIP research within the domains of sample pretreatment, as well as optical and electrochemical sensing analysis. The objective of this discourse is to potentially foster the evolution of MIP technology and establish the groundwork for its transition from lab-scale to commercial production.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Sensors: Materials, Physico-Chemical Properties and Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Sprayable Diacetylene-Containing Amphiphile Coatings for Visual Detection of Gas-Phase Hydrogen Peroxide
by
Priyanka Shiveshwarkar and Justyn Jaworski
Chemosensors 2024, 12(5), 71; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12050071 - 01 May 2024
Abstract
Colorimetric chemical sensing of target gases, such as hydrogen peroxide vapors, is an evolving area of research that implements responsive materials that undergo molecule-specific interaction, resulting in a visible color change. Due to the intuitive nature of an observable color change, such sensing
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Colorimetric chemical sensing of target gases, such as hydrogen peroxide vapors, is an evolving area of research that implements responsive materials that undergo molecule-specific interaction, resulting in a visible color change. Due to the intuitive nature of an observable color change, such sensing systems are particularly desirable as they can be widely deployed at low cost and without the need for complex analytical instrumentation. In this work, we describe our development of a new spray-on sensing material that can provide a colorimetric response to the presence of a gas-phase target, specifically hydrogen peroxide vapor. By providing a cumulative response over time, we identified that part per million concentrations of hydrogen peroxide vapor can be detected. Specifically, we make use of iron chloride-containing formulations to enable the catalysis of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals that serve to initiate polymerization of the diacetylene-containing amphiphile, resulting in a white to blue color transition. Due to the irreversible nature of the color change mechanism, the cumulative exposure to hydrogen peroxide over time is demonstrated, enabling longitudinal assessment of target exposure with the same coatings. The versatility of this approach in generating a colorimetric response to hydrogen peroxide vapor may find practical applications for environmental monitoring, diagnostics, or even industrial safety.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revolutionizing the Future: Cutting-Edge Chemical Sensor Technologies in the USA—2024 Insights and Innovations)
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Open AccessArticle
Controlling Fluorescence Wavelength in the Synthesis of TGA-Capped CdTe Quantum Dots
by
Catarina S. M. Martins, Ana L. Silva, Luís Pleno de Gouveia, Ihsan Çaha, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Alec P. LaGrow, Francis Leonard Deepak and João A. V. Prior
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 70; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040070 - 21 Apr 2024
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor materials, with a size range between 1–10 nm, showcasing unique size-dependent physical and chemical properties. Such properties have potentiated their use in areas like medical imaging and biosensing. Herein, we present an open-air approach for synthesis of QDs,
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Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor materials, with a size range between 1–10 nm, showcasing unique size-dependent physical and chemical properties. Such properties have potentiated their use in areas like medical imaging and biosensing. Herein, we present an open-air approach for synthesis of QDs, reducing the need for controllable atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, we present a predictive mathematical model for maximum emission wavelength (λmax) control. Through a straightforward microwave-based aqueous synthesis of TGA-CdTe QDs, we investigated the influence of time, temperature, and Te:Cd and TGA:Cd molar ratios on λmax, using a chemometric experimental design approach. CdTe-QDs were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Additionally, Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray were conducted. Stable QDs with fluorescence ranging from green to red (527.6 nm to 629.2 nm) were obtained. A statistical analysis of the results revealed that time and temperature were the most significant factors influencing λmax. After fine-tuning the variables, a mathematical model with 97.7% of prediction accurately forecasted experimental conditions for synthesizing TGA-CdTe QDs at predefined λmax. Stability tests demonstrated that the QDs retained their optical characteristics for over a month at 4 °C, facilitating diverse applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Optical Chemical Sensors)
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Open AccessArticle
Electrochemical Sensor for the Evaluation of Doxorubicin from Novel Pharmaceutical Formulations and Serum
by
Alexandra Pusta, Mihaela Tertis, Irina Bura, Diana Bogdan, Maria Suciu, Simona Mirel and Cecilia Cristea
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 69; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040069 - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study focuses on addressing the challenges associated with doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapeutic widely used in cancer treatment. Despite its efficacy, DOX is linked to severe side effects that limit its clinical applications. Novel pharmaceutical formulations aim to mitigate these issues, providing
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This study focuses on addressing the challenges associated with doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapeutic widely used in cancer treatment. Despite its efficacy, DOX is linked to severe side effects that limit its clinical applications. Novel pharmaceutical formulations aim to mitigate these issues, providing better safety profiles. The development of these formulations requires analytical methods that can accurately and quickly quantify DOX. A cost-effective and portable electrochemical sensor for DOX detection was developed utilizing in-house printed carbon electrodes decorated with gold nanoparticles. DOX was detected using differential pulse voltammetry. The sensor demonstrated an accurate quantification of DOX from novel pharmaceutical formulations and serum, presenting a dynamic range of 1 to 500 μg/mL and a low detection limit of 0.3 μg/mL. The method, successfully applied to characterize DOX-loaded nanosomes, offers a valuable alternative in the early stages of formulation development, reducing costs and saving time, while maintaining accuracy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing)
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Open AccessArticle
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Influenza B Virus Employing Nanocomposite Spheres Based on Ag-Doped ZnIn2S4 Quantum Dots
by
Jia-Xuan Hu, Li-Bang Zhu, Sheng-Tong Wu and Shou-Nian Ding
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 68; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040068 - 19 Apr 2024
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology serves a significant role as a simple and rapid biosensor in the detection of influenza viruses. The focus of this study is the development of a rapid and convenient screening method for influenza B virus (IBV) proteins using
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Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology serves a significant role as a simple and rapid biosensor in the detection of influenza viruses. The focus of this study is the development of a rapid and convenient screening method for influenza B virus (IBV) proteins using a fluorescence lateral flow biosensor based on Ag-doped ZnIn2S4 quantum dots (Ag: ZIS QDs) as signal reporters. These Ag: ZIS QDs-emitting orange fluorescence are loaded onto dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) and are further coated with a layer of silica shell to form a core–shell structured composite nanomaterial (SiO2 @ Ag: ZIS QDs @ DMSNs). The orange fluorescence effectively eliminates the interference of blue background fluorescence, significantly enhancing the detection sensitivity. This technology demonstrates outstanding performance in the immediate detection of IBV, with a minimum detection limit of 1 ng/mL, compared to the traditional colloidal gold strip with a detection limit of 6 ng/mL. Furthermore, both intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) are less than 9%. This method holds promise for wide application in early diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, and epidemic surveillance of IBV.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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Open AccessArticle
High Sensitivity Hydrogen Sensor via the Coupling of Tamm Plasmon Polaritons and Defect Mode
by
Feng Zhang, Weifeng Yin and Jianxia Zhang
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 67; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040067 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Optical hydrogen sensors offer high sensitivity, high accuracy, and non-invasive sensing capabilities, making them promising devices in various fields, including the construction of hydrogen fuel cells, storage and transportation, and aerospace. However, to achieve better sensitivity and faster reaction times, such sensors are
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Optical hydrogen sensors offer high sensitivity, high accuracy, and non-invasive sensing capabilities, making them promising devices in various fields, including the construction of hydrogen fuel cells, storage and transportation, and aerospace. However, to achieve better sensitivity and faster reaction times, such sensors are often constructed as nano-arrays or nano-gratings, leading to increased manufacturing costs and complexity. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a highly sensitive hydrogen sensor based on a multilayer structure. The proposed structure consists of a Pd metal film and a photonic crystal with a defect layer, in which the photonic crystal is designed by an alternating arrangement of Ta2O5 and SiO2, and the material comprising the defect layer is SiO2. With a sensitivity of up to 16,020 at 670 nm, the proposed sensor relies on the coupling of Tamm plasmon polaritons and defect modes. The electric field distribution inside the structure is also provided in order to reveal its physical mechanism. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of the thickness of the defect layer and the angle of incident light on the sensor’s performance. The study results show that the sensor has good fault tolerance in either scenario. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for hydrogen sensor applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanostructures for Chemical Sensing)
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Open AccessArticle
AuNPs/Ti3C2 Signal-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of miRNA
by
Yirui Qin, Li Jiang, Rengang Sun, Yunzhu Fang, Boya Shi and Shangzhong Jin
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 66; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040066 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 is a potential cancer biomarker that is highly expressed in many cancer cells. Therefore, it is important to perform highly sensitive detection of miRNA-21. In this study, we designed a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) sensor based on an AuNPs/Ti3C
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MicroRNA-21 is a potential cancer biomarker that is highly expressed in many cancer cells. Therefore, it is important to perform highly sensitive detection of miRNA-21. In this study, we designed a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) sensor based on an AuNPs/Ti3C2 composite for real-time and highly sensitive detection of miRNA-21. The fixation of the capture polyA-DNA probes was completed by the freezing method, which improved the detection efficiency. DNA−AuNPs/Ti3C2 conjugates were added to amplify the SPRi signal. The signal amplification combines the large specific surface area of Ti3C2 and the electronic coupling between the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNPs and the plasmon wave on the surface of the Au chip, thereby enhancing the SPRi response signal. Using this sensing strategy, the detection limit for miRNA-21 can reach 6.13 fM, with a wide dynamic range between 10 fM and 10 nM. In addition, the sensor has excellent selectivity for miRNA-21 and miRNAs with similar sequences, and receives minimal interference when applied to complex matrices. Based on these results, we believe that this study provides a simple and highly sensitive method for miRNA detection, which has great potential for the quantitative detection of miRNA in biomedical research and early clinical diagnosis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors)
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Open AccessArticle
Study of the Gas Sensing Performance of Ni-Doped Perovskite-Structured LaFeO3 Nanospheres
by
Fanli Meng, Zhenhua Yu, Renze Zhang, Hongliang Gao and Zhenyu Yuan
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 65; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040065 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study synthesizes Ni-doped perovskite-structured LaFeO3 composite materials via a one-step hydrothermal method, characterizes the morphology and structure of the materials, and tests their gas sensing performance. The test results show that compared to pure LaFeO3 material, the gas sensing performance
[...] Read more.
This study synthesizes Ni-doped perovskite-structured LaFeO3 composite materials via a one-step hydrothermal method, characterizes the morphology and structure of the materials, and tests their gas sensing performance. The test results show that compared to pure LaFeO3 material, the gas sensing performance of Ni-doped LaFeO3 material is improved in all aspects. Specifically, LFO-Ni2% exhibits a response as high as 102 towards 100 ppm of triethylamine at 190 °C, along with better selectivity and stability. Furthermore, the gas sensing mechanism is investigated. On one hand, doping with an appropriate proportion of Ni can lead to the formation of more-complete and smaller-sized microsphere structures with pores. This is beneficial for the adsorption of oxygen from the air onto the material surface, as well as for the diffusion of the target gas to the surface of the material, thereby enhancing gas sensitivity performance. On the other hand, the doped Ni enters the interior of the LaFeO3 crystal, replacing some of the cations in LaFeO3, increasing the concentration of charge carriers in the material, and reducing the material’s resistance. The sample can adsorb more oxygen, promoting the reaction between adsorbed oxygen and the target gas, and thereby improving the gas sensitivity performance of the sample.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanomaterial-Based Gas Sensors)
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Open AccessArticle
A New X-ray Diffraction Spectrum-Based Untargeted Strategy for Accurately Identifying Ancient Painted Pottery from Various Dynasties and Locations in China
by
Jing-Jing Song, Yang-Yang Wang, Wen-Cheng Tong, Feng-Lian Ma, Jia-Nan Wang and Yong-Jie Yu
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 64; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040064 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is extensively used in archaeometric investigation. Herein, we provide a novel XRD spectrum-based untargeted strategy for the classification of ancient painted pottery for various dynasties. It was accomplished using the original spectrum without a phase identification. To eliminate the influence
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) is extensively used in archaeometric investigation. Herein, we provide a novel XRD spectrum-based untargeted strategy for the classification of ancient painted pottery for various dynasties. It was accomplished using the original spectrum without a phase identification. To eliminate the influence of baseline drift, a new baseline drift correction algorithm was specifically designed for XRD spectra. The algorithm was implemented using local minimum values in the analyzed signal in an iterative optimization manner. The results indicated that with the aid of the algorithm, the baseline drift problem can be successfully resolved, and the classification of ancient painted pottery can be greatly improved. Finally, the developed strategy was successfully used to discriminate ancient painted pottery from the Han and Tang dynasties in the cities of Guyuan and Zhongwei, China. The developed untargeted strategy had the remarkable advantage of almost automatic data analysis. The toolbox of our strategy can be obtained from the authors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry: Second Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Gold Nanoparticles in Porous Silicon Nanotubes for Glucose Detection
by
Roberto Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Evan Hathaway, Jeffery L. Coffer, Roxana M. del Castillo, Yuankun Lin and Jingbiao Cui
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 63; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040063 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Silicon nanotubes (Si NTs) have a unique structure among the silicon nanostructure family, which is useful for diverse applications ranging from therapeutics to lithium storage/recycling. Their well-defined structure and high surface area make them ideal for sensing applications. In this work, we demonstrate
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Silicon nanotubes (Si NTs) have a unique structure among the silicon nanostructure family, which is useful for diverse applications ranging from therapeutics to lithium storage/recycling. Their well-defined structure and high surface area make them ideal for sensing applications. In this work, we demonstrate the formation of Au nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with 4-Mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) on porous Si NTs (pSi NTs) fabricated using ZnO nanowires as a template. The system was characterized, and the proposed structure was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Varying glucose concentrations in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.5–80 mM) were introduced to the Si NT nanocomposite system. The glucose is detectable at low concentrations utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which shows a concentration-dependent peak shift in the benzene ring breathing mode (~1071 cm−1) of MPBA. Complementing these measurements are simulations of the Raman hot spots associated with plasmonic enhancement of the Au NPs using COMSOL. This biocompatible system is envisioned to have applications in nanomedicine and microfluidic devices for real-time, non-invasive glucose sensing.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Sensors Based on Low-Dimensional Semiconductors)
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Open AccessArticle
Novel Photoluminescence and Optical Thermometry of Solvothermally Derived Tetragonal ZrO2:Ti4+,Eu3+ Nanocrystals
by
Lu Li, Xuesong Qu, Guo-Hui Pan and Jung Hyun Jeong
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 62; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040062 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the solvothermal preparation and detailed characterization of pristine and intentionally doped zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanocrystals (NCs, ~5 nm) with Eu3+ or Ti4+/Eu3+ ions using alkoxide precursors. The results indicated that the
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In this paper, we report on the solvothermal preparation and detailed characterization of pristine and intentionally doped zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanocrystals (NCs, ~5 nm) with Eu3+ or Ti4+/Eu3+ ions using alkoxide precursors. The results indicated that the ZrO2 NCs were dominantly of a tetragonal phase (t-ZrO2) with a small proportion of monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2). The high purity of t-ZrO2 NCs could be synthesized with more Eu3+ doping. It was found that the as-obtained ZrO2 NCs contain some naturally present Ti4+ ions originating from precursors, but were being overlooked commonly, and some carbon impurities produced during synthesis. These species showed distinct photoluminescence (PL) properties. At least two types of Eu3+, located at low- and high-symmetry sites (probably sevenfold and eightfold oxygen coordination), respectively, were demonstrated to build into the lattice structure of t-ZrO2 NCs together. The cationic dopants were illustrated to be distributed non-randomly over the sites normally occupied by Zr, while Ti impurities preferentially occupied the sites near the low-symmetry site of Eu3+, yielding efficient energy transfer from the titanate groups to the neighboring Eu3+. Luminescence nanothermometry could measure temperature in a non-contact and remote way and could find great potentials in micro/nano-electronics, integrated photonics, and biomedicine. On the basis of the dual-emitting combination strategy involving the white broadband CT (Ti3+→O−) emissions of the titanate groups and red sharp Eu3+ emissions, t-ZrO2:Eu3+ nanophosphors were demonstrated to be ratiometric self-referencing optical thermometric materials, with a working range of 130–230 K and a maxima of relative sensitivity of ~1.9% K−1 at 230 K.
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(This article belongs to the Section Optical Chemical Sensors)
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Open AccessReview
Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Detection of 17β-Estradiol
by
Joo Seon Seok and Heongkyu Ju
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 61; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040061 - 10 Apr 2024
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2), a vital female sex hormone, plays a crucial role in female reproductive cycles and secondary sexual characteristics. The quantification of E2 concentration in human blood and urine samples is essential because a deviation from physiological levels of E2 indicates the development
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17β-estradiol (E2), a vital female sex hormone, plays a crucial role in female reproductive cycles and secondary sexual characteristics. The quantification of E2 concentration in human blood and urine samples is essential because a deviation from physiological levels of E2 indicates the development of diseases and abnormalities such as precocious puberty, breast cancer, weight gain, abnormal menstruation, osteoporosis, and infertility. In addition, the detection of E2 in food and the environment has gained widespread interest because of its role as an endocrine disruptor (environmental hormone) that can perturb physiological processes. E2 is used as a drug for hormone therapy. Various E2 detection technologies for diagnosing relevant human diseases, drug screening, and environmental monitoring have been demonstrated in studies. In this article, we have reviewed technological strategies developed for E2 detection with ultrahigh sensitivity, with a limit of detection comparable to several pg/mL or lower. We observed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as nanoplatforms for signal amplification, which enabled ultrahigh sensitivity in most studies. Signal amplification was facilitated by AuNP characteristics such as the versatility of surface biochemistry, exceedingly large surface-to-volume ratio, surface plasmonic activity, luminescence quenching ability, and biocompatibility. These techniques have been used to detect E2 in food, water, human serum, and urine with ultrahigh sensitivity. We summarize the working principles of E2 detection strategies that allow ultrahigh sensitivity and provide an approach for future work required for the elucidation of practical applications of these technologies.
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(This article belongs to the Section Materials for Chemical Sensing)
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Open AccessArticle
A Dynamic Range Preservation Readout Integrated Circuit for Multi-Gas Sensor Array Applications
by
Soon-Kyu Kwon and Hyeon-June Kim
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 60; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040060 - 09 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study introduces a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) tailored for multi-gas sensor arrays featuring a proposed baseline calibration scheme aimed at mitigating the issue of sensor baseline variation. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed scheme stores each sensor’s baseline value and dynamically updates the
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This study introduces a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) tailored for multi-gas sensor arrays featuring a proposed baseline calibration scheme aimed at mitigating the issue of sensor baseline variation. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed scheme stores each sensor’s baseline value and dynamically updates the signal extraction range accordingly during ROIC operation. This adjustment allows for the optimal use of the ROIC’s dynamic range, enhancing sensor uniformity and accuracy without the need for complex additional circuitry or advanced post-processing algorithms. We fabricated a prototype ROIC using a 180 nm CMOS process, achieving a low power consumption of 0.43 mW and a conversion rate of 50 kSPS. The prototype boasts an integrated noise level of 9.9 μVRMS across a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 5 kHz and a dynamic range of 142.6 dB, coupled with superior linearity, indicated by a maximum integral non-linearity (INL) of −75.71 dB. This design significantly reduces sensor offset scattering to within 1 LSB of the A/D reference scale. In this study, the efficacy of the proposed scheme was validated using Figaro TGS-2600. The ROIC targets a sensitivity range from 0.54 to 0.23 for gas concentrations ranging from 5 ppm to 20 ppm and a resolution of 39 Ω for sensor resistance range from 10 kΩ to 90 kΩ. The enhancements in performance make the proposed ROIC a promising solution for precise gas concentration detection in sensor applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Electrochemical Devices and Sensors)
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Aptasensors for the Detection of Environmental Contaminants of High Concern in Water Bodies: A Systematic Review
by
Eduardo Canek Reynoso, Patrick Severin Sfragano, Mario González-Perea, Ilaria Palchetti and Eduardo Torres
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 59; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors12040059 - 09 Apr 2024
Abstract
With the advancement of technology and increasing industrial activity, anthropogenic contaminants are currently detected where there is no record of their presence or insufficient information about their toxicological impact. Consequently, there are not sufficiently robust local or global regulations, the ecotoxicological and human
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With the advancement of technology and increasing industrial activity, anthropogenic contaminants are currently detected where there is no record of their presence or insufficient information about their toxicological impact. Consequently, there are not sufficiently robust local or global regulations, the ecotoxicological and human health risks are critical, and they may not be routinely monitored despite being ubiquitous. The interest in studying environmental contaminants, including micropollutants and emerging contaminants, in complex environmental water samples has grown in the last decade. Due to the concentrations in which they are typically found in the environment and the rapid global dispersion, the detection procedures for these substances must be capable of measuring very low concentrations. Many efforts have been made to improve remediation procedures or develop novel analytical methods for their determination. Although there are several robust and reliable standard analytical techniques for their monitoring, pollutant contamination requires simple and inexpensive methods for massive, in situ monitoring campaigns. In this regard, biosensors have emerged as devices with high selectivity, sensitivity, easy operation, and short analysis times. Aptasensors are biosensors based on a nucleic acid recognition element (aptamer). Due to their synthetic nature, stability, and easy production, aptamers are frequently employed to develop bioassays. This work presents a systematic review of the trends in using aptasensors for detecting environmental contaminants present in environmental water samples, as well as the estimation of the potential technological contribution these devices might give to environmental monitoring.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Sensors and Analytical Methods for Environmental Monitoring)
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